Electricity consumption chain by year (US, 1880–1955)

What the data shows: first the infrastructure grows (home electrification 8%→68%→97%, industrial electric drive 5%→78%), then — with a lag — come the appliances (refrigerator, radio, washing machine, vacuum cleaner take off in the 1920s–40s, AFTER electrification). At the bottom, the displaced markets collapse in sync (the horsecar→0 by 1917; natural ice) while the price per kWh falls — which is what drove adoption. This is the empirical picture of "first the grid → then consumption → death of the incumbents".