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How Markets Form: The Electricity Case (1820–1955)

A systematic reconstruction — from science to standards, infrastructure, capital, consumption and value capture — with transfer rules for the AI market.

Evidence base: 31 deep-research tracks · ~850 sources · 298-node dependency graph · profit-pool model. Method: P49 ecosystem reconstruction. demo bundle · EN

Start here
▶ P49 Method Guide (how this was built)
The full ecosystem-reconstruction method, step by step: 7 principles · 3 factories · 19-phase pipeline (A-1→A15) · gates · meta-cartography toolkit · quality rules.
▶ Main Analytical Report (BCG-style)
Central thesis · value-capture map · 10-layer deconstruction · 10 patterns · stakeholder implications · recommendations · honest limits.
Key exhibits
Value-Capture Matrix (2×2)
Centrality × margin — Rentier / Champion / Plumbing / Pioneers.
Interactive Dependency Graph
298 nodes · centrality (PageRank) · color by layer or margin · hubs. (needs internet — D3)
Margin-Flow Sankey (~1925)
Where the annual profit pooled and who captured it. (needs internet — D3)
Profit-Pool Migration
Normalized annual profit by segment, P2→P5; verification log.
More analytics
R1 — Electricity Deep-Dive Report
Maturity curve · substitution matrix · actor layers (incl. hidden players) · value redistribution.
Connected-Industry Graphs + Node Typology
Upstream (what it's made of) & downstream (what it became) + 5 node types (commodity / component-IP / barrier-opener / reagent / adjacent).
Cross-Case Overview Dashboard
Converging pattern across electricity & automobile; where power/margin sat by layer.
Ontology Scaffold (P49 v0.2.1)
Canonical 11 types / 19 relations · domain bridge table · RFC candidates · cross-sections.
Chains & structure
Full Value Chains (up & down)
What electricity is made of (upstream) and what it became part of (downstream).
Markets & Function Schema
Created vs transformed vs killed markets; primary-function abstraction ladder.
Systems Map (maturity & periods)
Maturity curve, period × layer cross-section, hubs.
Consumption Chain by Year
Adoption curves rising vs displaced markets falling + price/kWh.